SINDROM RUBELLA KONGENITAL PADA ERA VAKSIN DAN PASCA-VAKSIN: TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
Keywords:
Sindrom Rubella Kongenital, vaksin rubella, era vaksin, manifestasi klinis, surveilans kesehatan masyarakatAbstract
Abstrak Sindrom Rubella Kongenital (Congenital Rubella Syndrome/CRS) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan, khususnya di negara-negara dengan cakupan imunisasi yang belum optimal. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi perkembangan CRS pada era vaksin dan pasca-vaksin dengan menganalisis 20 studi empiris dari berbagai wilayah dunia. Hasilnya mengungkap lima tema utama: manifestasi klinis CRS yang konsisten (terutama trias gangguan pendengaran sensorineural, kelainan jantung, dan gangguan okular), kekebalan jangka panjang pasca vaksinasi, efektivitas sistem surveilans yang bervariasi, kemajuan dalam genotipisasi virus rubella, serta tantangan kebijakan dan diagnosis di bidang kesehatan masyarakat. Meskipun angka kejadian CRS telah menurun secara global, beberapa negara—terutama di Asia Tenggara dan Afrika—masih melaporkan kasus CRS akibat keterlambatan program vaksinasi, skrining maternal yang kurang memadai, dan lemahnya surveilans. Kajian ini menekankan pentingnya penguatan skrining antenatal, peningkatan diagnostik laboratorium, serta integrasi pengendalian rubella dalam kebijakan imunisasi nasional dan program kesehatan ibu. Langkah-langkah ini sangat penting untuk mencapai eliminasi CRS secara global dan mencegah kecacatan seumur hidup pada anak yang terkena.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Fauzan Abdillah, Dwi Agustawan Nugroho, Yasmine Mashabi, Ibnu Harris Fadillah (Author)
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